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Which of the following protocols uses label-switching routers and label-edge routers to forward traffic?
- A. BGP
- B. OSPF
- C. IS-IS
- D. MPLS
Answer : D
Explanation:
In an MPLS network, data packets are assigned labels. Packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the contents of this label, without the need to examine the packet itself.
MPLS works by prefixing packets with an MPLS header, containing one or more labels.
An MPLS router that performs routing based only on the label is called a label switch router
(LSR) or transit router. This is a type of router located in the middle of a MPLS network. It is responsible for switching the labels used to route packets. When an LSR receives a packet, it uses the label included in the packet header as an index to determine the next hop on the label-switched path (LSP) and a corresponding label for the packet from a lookup table. The old label is then removed from the header and replaced with the new label before the packet is routed forward.
A label edge router (LER) is a router that operates at the edge of an MPLS network and acts as the entry and exit points for the network. LERs respectively, add an MPLS label onto an incoming packet and remove it off the outgoing packet.
When forwarding IP datagrams into the MPLS domain, an LER uses routing information to determine appropriate labels to be affixed, labels the packet accordingly, and then forwards the labelled packets into the MPLS domain. Likewise, upon receiving a labelled packet which is destined to exit the MPLS domain, the LER strips off the label and forwards the resulting IP packet using normal IP forwarding rules.
Which of the following refers to a network that spans several buildings that are within walking distance of each other?
- A. CAN
- B. WAN
- C. PAN
- D. MAN
Answer : A
Explanation:
CAN stands for Campus Area Network or Corporate Area Network. Universities or colleges often implement CANs to link the buildings in a network. The range of CAN is 1KMto 5KM.
If multiple buildings have the same domain and they are connected with a network, then it will be considered as a CAN.
A technician, Joe, needs to troubleshoot a recently installed NIC. He decides to ping the local loopback address. Which of the following is a valid IPv4 loopback address?
- A. 10.0.0.1
- B. 127.0.0.1
- C. 172.16.1.1
- D. 192.168.1.1
Answer : B
Explanation:
The loopback address is a special IP address that is designated for the software loopback interface of a computer. The loopback interface has no hardware associated with it, and it is not physically connected to a network. The loopback address causes any messages sent to it to be returned to the sending system. The loopback address allows client software to communicate with server software on the same computer. Users specify the loopback address which willpoint back to the computer's TCP/IP network configuration.
In IPv4, the loopback address is 127.0.0.1.
In IPv6, the loopback address is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1, more commonly notated as follows. ::1
You have been tasked with testing a CAT5e cable. A summary of the test results can be found on the screen.
Step 1: Select the tool that was used to create the cable test results.
Step 2: Interpret the test results and select the option that explains the results. After you are done with your analysis, click the 'Submit Cable Test Analysis' button.
Answer : B
Explanation:
A Cable Certifier provides Pass or Fail information in accordance with industry standards but can also show detailed information when a Fail occurs. This includesshorts, the wire pairs involved and the distance to the short. When a short is identified, at the full length of the cable it means the cable has not been crimped correctly.
When convergence on a routed network occurs, which of the following is true?
- A. All routers are using hop count as the metric
- B. Allrouters have the same routing table
- C. All routers learn the route to all connected networks
- D. All routers use route summarization
Answer : C
Explanation:
Routers exchange routing topology information with each other by using a routing protocol.
Whenall routers have exchanged routing information with all other routers within a network, the routers are said to have converged. In other words: In a converged network all routers
"agree" on what the network topology looks like.
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